ABSTRACT
Oral contraceptive pills are a safe and effective means of avoiding pregnancy followed by women worldwide. These drugs were first introduced in 1960s and 70s and contained higher dose of estrogen and progesterone and were reported to cause unwanted side effects like gingival inflammation, localized osteitis, alterations in salivary flow rate, changes in salivary components and gingival melanosis in oral tissues. With the advent of new generation formulations of low dose oral contraceptive pills, the effects on oral health is minimized and presently users are not considered as risk group for developing gingival and periodontal disease. This review briefs the effects of oral contraceptive pills on general health and oral health in particular and controversies surrounding their use.
ABSTRACT
Pulpal regeneration after tooth injury is not easy to accomplish, because of the infected pulp requires tooth extraction or root canal therapy. Current treatment modalities offer high levels of success for many conditions; an ideal form of therapy might consist of regenerative approaches in which diseased or necrotic pulp tissues are removed and replaced with healthy pulp tissue to revitalize teeth. This review describes the possible techniques that will allow regenerative endodontics to become a reality. These potential approaches include root canal revascularization, postnatal stem cell therapy, pulp implant, scaffolding implant, three dimensional cell printing, injectable scaffolds and gene therapy
ABSTRACT
Cone beam volumetric tomography (CBVT) or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a diagnostic imaging technology that is changing the way dental practioners view the oral and maxillofacial complex as well as teeth and the surrounding tissues. CBVT has been specifically designed to produce undistorted three dimensional images similar to computed tomography (CT), but at a lower equipment cost, simpler image acquisition and lower patient radiation dose. This article highlights the CBVT application in endodontics and its treatment outcome.
ABSTRACT
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and infant feeding is a complex issue, and there are still significant knowledge gaps, including whether antiretroviral prophylaxis for an infant during breastfeeding, or antiretroviral treatment for breastfeeding mother, are safe and effective in reducing HIV transmission. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant. A woman infected with HIV, however, can transmit the virus to her child during pregnancy, labour, delivery or through breast feeding. Children those born to HIV positive women carry high risk of HIV infection. The HIV and Infant Feeding Framework for Priority Action was developed and endorsed by nine UN agencies. The purpose is to recommend governments key priority actions, related to infant and young child feeding, that cover the special circumstances, appropriate feeding practices for all infants, while scaling up interventions to reduce HIV transmission. This review highlights the recent guidelines used in managing infants with HIV.